RSS Feed

Monthly Archives: January 2014

Photographs Documenting the Great Depression as World War II Begins

Bill Knisely was my mom’s beau just as the U. S. entered World War II.  The night before Pearl Harbor, Joan went to see Citizen Kane with him and some other pals.  Unfortunately, they had to leave the movie early, leaving Joan to puzzle, “Who the heck was Rosebud?”

As I was researching for the publication of Home Front Girl, I wanted to find out what happened to Bill.  Lo and behold, though Bill had passed away, his son and wife lived in my town!  So I looked them up and we have had several lovely encounters.  Recently Bill’s son Paul sent me some World War II photos from The Denver Post.  They are spectacular.  I will share some here, but do go to this page to see their selection.

Note the news headlines posted on the store, including

Note the news headlines posted on the store, including “Prince Calls on Roosevelt” and “[Churchill] Urges Italians Oust Mussolini”

Taken by the Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information between 1939-1943, they bear witness to the effects the Great Depression had on rural — and urban — America.

Chopping cotton on rented land near White Plains. White Plains, Greene County, Georgia, June 1941

Chopping cotton on rented land near White Plains. White Plains, Greene County, Georgia, June 1941

I was most taken with the photos from Chicago, Joan’s hometown.  A number of them show the railroad yard.

Putting the finishing touches on a rebuilt caboose at the rip tracks at Proviso yard. Chicago, Illinois, April 1943.

Putting the finishing touches on a rebuilt caboose at the rip tracks at Proviso yard. Chicago, Illinois, April 1943.

My grandfather worked for the railroad in Chicago.  He could have been this man, Mike Evans.

Mike Evans, a welder, at the rip tracks at Proviso yard of the Chicago and Northwest Railway Company. Chicago, Illinois, April 1943

Mike Evans, a welder, at the rip tracks at Proviso yard of the Chicago and Northwest Railway Company. Chicago, Illinois, April 1943

Maybe my Grandpa even knew Mike.

General view of part of the South Water Street freight depot of the Illinois Central Railroad Chicago, Illinois, May 1943

General view of part of the South Water Street freight depot of the Illinois Central Railroad Chicago, Illinois, May 1943

Women working for the war effort or taking over men’s jobs also appear in this photographic archive.

Women workers employed as wipers in the roundhouse having lunch in their rest room, Chicago and Northwest Railway Company. Clinton, Iowa, April 1943.

Women workers employed as wipers in the roundhouse having lunch in their rest room, Chicago and Northwest Railway Company. Clinton, Iowa, April 1943.

This “Rosie the Riveter” is hard at work.

Woman is working on a "Vengeance" dive bomber Tennessee, February 1943. Reproduction from color slide.

Woman is working on a “Vengeance” dive bomber Tennessee, February 1943. Reproduction from color slide.

Even children’s classrooms provided no escape from the war.

Rural school children. San Augustine County, Texas, April 1943.

Rural school children. San Augustine County, Texas, April 1943.

This last picture below from the Calumet City railroad yard harkens to a moment in Joan’s diary.

Switch engine in yard near Calumet Park stockyards, Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad. Calumet City, Illinois, January 1943

Switch engine in yard near Calumet Park stockyards, Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad. Calumet City, Illinois, January 1943

Joan writes an entry in her diary early in the morning after her 19th birthday on December 20, 1941, just a few weeks after Pearl Harbor.  The U. S. may be at war, but teenagers still have to be young.

3:15 AM Sunday Morning, December 21, 1941

Well, here I am healthy and hearty in spite of my old age of nineteen and feeling like the living example of late hours bring on good health. I feel as if I could lick 20 Hercules, though I probably couldn’t. Kenny and I were going to go out to Calumet City tonight so he arrived at eight after Paw and I had just had a birthday feast of chicken and the darlingest cake!—and wine. And he got me the cutest Baby Ben alarm clock!

Anyhow, Kenny arrived and we went to Jack’s house and drove with Jack et [Latin for and] mates to 63rd and drove around while they shopped and took mates back and Kenny and I went to his house and I met his mother and dad—she’s much younger—both of them are—than I expected. Very nice and asked me to dinner sometime, etc. He tells me Ruth (his sister) approves of me too. He said he wanted me to meet his parents ’cause they say he never goes out with a nice girl. . . .

We ate and then to Cal City. Beautiful drive. Stars all frosty and a-gleam and red fires of steel mills and we passed a train of tanks on the way back and a policeman or soldier at every bridge.[1] They wouldn’t take me in any place out there—it must be purty bad—except the Siesta Club and we couldn’t get a table there so we came back—all frosted night—to Zebra Lounge—drank—then to bowling. I did 64. I’m improving and then played shooting at submarines. I got 8,000, Jack 8,900, Kenny only 4,000. Washington should hear of this. Jack, too, is subject to draft now by the way. . . . Kenny got me a lipstick and Lucien Lelong Poker Chip cologne.

Vintage Lucien Lelong Tailspin Passionment 1940's Perfume Bottle Poker Chip Box

Vintage Lucien Lelong Tailspin Passionment 1940’s Perfume Bottle Poker Chip Box

Purty smell. . . . Just think—I’m nineteen now. I feel old and sophisticated.


[1] They were there for security purposes, in case of sabotage.

Even though they are having fun, the war pervades the atmosphere: the “train of tanks” with police guard, playing at shooting submarines [“Washington should hear of this”], and how the boys are “subject to draft”.

Snapshots from real life, visual and verbal.  They remind us how tenuous our present is, yet also how they can flare back into view, with a photo or diary.

Diaries in World War I: Digitized for us all

The National Archives has just begun the process of making public the diaries of World War I soldiers.  About 20% of the more than 1.5 million pages are now available for the world to read.  All military units had to keep a daily log about what happened that day.  This information is now available to all of us, as the New York Times reports.  You can explore more about it here.

Other diaries are coming to light, such as Cyril Helm’s.  His grandson, a journalist for The Observer, beautifully commemorates  his grandfather’s recording of history.  Cyril, a medical officer, writes in 1914, “Many fell in our frontline trenches, causing awful casualties. Men were buried alive whilst others were just dug out in time and brought to, unable to stand, with their backs half broken. My cellar was soon packed, but I could not put any wounded upstairs as any minute I expected the place to be blown up.”

Wounded soldier at Ypres.

Wounded soldier at Ypres.

Diaries are a guide, illuminating darkened interior pasts.

Diaries from the home front are likewise crucial for understanding how people at the time understood war.  You cannot understand World War II without understanding the “Great War” (World War I).  Joan’s diaries ponder that prior war just as World War II is heating up.

While she is at summer camp, World War II begins.

Friday, September 1, 1939[1]

I have been reading about the [World War I] dead and am thinking how awful it must be for a mother—or a father—to know their grown son dead. After bearing and bringing through childhood to the prime of his life a son—to find that all this is futile, that all this is ended—all vain. That he died before he began to be himself. To lose a child must be in a deep sense far worse than to lose a husband. It must make one lose the sense of continuity. . . . A husband dead means that you are, in a way, dead—but to lose a child means you lose immortality—that you shall not go on. . . .


[1] Ironically, Joan wrote this entry before she knew World War II had begun on this day.

Joan at summer camp on September 1, 1939. You can see what wrote exclamation marks after the date.

Joan at summer camp on September 1, 1939. You can see Joan wrote exclamation marks after the date.

Whether in a trench or safe at home, diary expose the thawing of innocence and hope.

In a gigantic crowd sourcing effort, the National Archives are seeking volunteers to tag data.  You can participate here.  Help make history.